• Tomato pinworm

  but it later widens to become blotch-shaped. Older larvae usually fold the leaf over itself, or knit 2 leaves together, between which they continue to feed

• Glasshouse potato aphid

  in the crop can cause deformed growth above with lumpy leaves and curled leaf margins. The immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals, and post-harvest decay. Fusarium

• Thrips

  in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and fruit damage, leading to reduced yield and ma [...] hatching, the larvae begin to feed on plant tissue on the underside of the leaf. The larvae are smaller than the adults and lack wings. Depending on the

• Sciarid flies

  however, can also feed on root hairs, rootlets, and tender root, stem and leaf tissue. Later instars may even feed on plant stems. The injuries caused by

• Tomato looper

  which make them appear skeletonized. The last two instars may eat the entire leaf except for the midrib or other large veins. On tomatoes, the tomato looper

• Flies

  result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions caused by feeding larvae provide invasion

• Cannabis aphid

  between plants, specifically: hemp streak virus, hemp mosaic virus, hemp leaf chlorosis virus, cucumber mosaic virus, hemp mottle virus and alfalfa mosaic

• Pepino mosaic virus

  are: Leaves & stems Nettle-like heads and/or bubbling of the leaves Stunted leaf growth Leaves have a pale or grey colour Necrotic and dying leaves Yellow

• Caterpillars

  underside of leaves. This causes a window effect where the epidermis of the upper leaf surface remains undamaged. Young caterpillars are often found in groups,