Garden chafer

feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees like oak, hazelnut and birch and on the flowers and developing fruits of, for [...] brown heads and whitish bodies, and normally lie in a characteristic 'C-shaped' position. They possess three pairs of legs, of which the middle and hind pairs [...] larvae move into corms, rhizomes and stem bases of plants. Larvae can also feed above ground within stems of plants and on strawberry fruits lying on the

Red palm weevil

tissues mainly at the base of living fronds. Larvae are present and feed in the softest and most humid living tissues (growth areas) with a low to moderate [...] head extends with a long thin rostrum that holds the antennae and tiny mandibles. The size and colour of adult weevils greatly varies. Most individuals in [...] weevil of Europe and North Africa. Their colour ranges from entirely orange-red to all black with all intermediates, depending on the number and size of black

Common cockchafer

feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees, mainly on oak, maple, beech and plum. Life cycle and appearance of Common cockchafer [...] a pupal instar and the adult beetle. The adult beetle is 25 to 30 mm long, with a dark head, black pronotum covered with short hairs, and reddish brown [...] to 35 mm by the following autumn, and 40 to 46 mm in the spring of their third year. The pupa is 25 to 35 mm long and whitish brown.

Western flower thrips

vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses, and on various weeds. It is an especially significant pest in cucumber, sweet pepper, eggplants, and many ornamental [...] surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of [...] developing plant tissues such as growing tips and flower buds. When these tissues develop further, the leaves and flowers can appear grossly deformed. Severely

Cotton aphid

making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in [...] coffee, cocoa, eggplant, cucumber, melon, pepper and many ornamental plants such as chrysanthemum and kalanchoe. The cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is

Glasshouse potato aphid

potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the [...] squat, of medium size (1.8 - 3.0 mm long) and oval in shape. It has a light yellow-green to brown-green colour, and has an overall shiny appearance. Antennae [...] anholocyclic (no eggs are laid) and holocyclic (winter eggs are produced) lifecycles. There is no alternation of hosts, and the two types of life cycles occur

Shore fly

diseases and can be a nuisance to greenhouse works by their sheer numbers. Frass deposited on leaves or flowers in ornamental crops, lettuce and herbs also [...] cosmetic damage, and sometimes this can occur on such a scale that growth, particularly of young cuttings, can be retarded. Life cycle and appearance of Shore [...] following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupa and the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent

Flies

fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates [...] immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions caused by feeding larvae provide [...] Sciaridae ( sciarid flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the

Beetles

damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems [...] species, Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops [...] resemble the adult at all, and must pass through a pupal instar before reaching the adult stage. Larvae have biting mouthparts and mostly feed on the same

Leaf miners

directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] ip between population size, leaf damage and yield reduction varies according to the season, culture method and the susceptibility of the host plant. This [...] are leaf miners? Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae