Bacterial canker of tomato

years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems, [...] the affected field and potatoes from other fields on the farm, are labelled as ‘suspect’ that year. On the infected field no potatoes or other Solaneceaous [...] They turn brown but don’t fall off. On stems and shoots light stripes form, which then tear, allowing cankers to form. On tomato leaves, water-soaked lesions

Fusarium wilt

the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are [...] has many different formae speciales which are each selectively pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one crop, different formae speciales

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Rhizoctonia solani

caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris depend on the time of infection. In general, the fungus causes symptoms on all plant parts that are in or close to the [...] persistent in the soil. It overwinters as mycelium or sclerotia in the soil and on crop residues. It is also seed-borne. Thanatephorus cucumeris causes diseases [...] infection is that the taproot is reduced to a thread. Reddish-brown lesions occur on the root just below the soil surface. A white collar of fungal mycelium occurs

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave [...] General Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash. [...] structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

the plants may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is [...] temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata [...] cutting knives and tools Control root rot nematodes as the wounds they make on roots help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes for propagation

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the

Plant Pollinator interactions in high temperatures

interactions in high temperatures This paper focuses on the impact of climate (temperature, radiation, humidity) on plants, pollination and bumblebees. Proper [...] couple of hours has a negligible effect on pollination. However, a full day above 30° C has an immediate effect on pollination. If the temperature reaches [...] For beefsteak and truss tomatoes on the vine, an average 24-hour temperature of more than 21° C has adverse effects on the setting. Cherry and snack tomatoes

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