• Mealybugs and scales

  low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess [...] quality and overall yield. Effective control of mealybugs and scales is essential to maintain healthy and marketable crops. Biological control of mealybugs [...] beetles and lacewings help reduce mealybug and scale populations by attacking both larvae and adults. Pheromone traps support early detection and population

• Two-spotted spider mite

  yellow, and as more cell sap is removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole plant, may die. In tomatoes and cucumbers, as little as 30% damage of the leaf [...] The webbing and spotting on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of two-spotted [...] worldwide and many of them are major crop pests. The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is by far the most important species in greenhouses

• Tomato leaf miner

  has many host plants and has caused crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect [...] this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however [...] this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. Indirect

• American serpentine leaf miner

  cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza [...] toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are

• Spider mites and other mites

  wilting, and necrosis. Life cycle of mites The life cycle of mites typically consists of four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The duration of their [...] usually spherical and laid on the underside of leaves or on other parts of the plant. The number of eggs laid by a single female can vary, and they can hatch [...] control of spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing

• Lesser house fly

  disease and hog cholera, protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma , and bacteria such as Salmonella Life cycle and appearance of the Lesser [...] still air out of direct sunlight where they remain in flight as they wait to be visited by an unmated female. Female flies are less active and tend to remain [...] flattened, with a fringe of spiny lateral protuberances. These maggots feed by scavenging bacteria and other microorganisms in the surrounding decaying

• Cannabis

  biological crop protection and IPM strategies, combining monitoring, beneficial insects and predatory mites , and expert guidance. By analyzing factors such [...] experts and industry practices. Koppert staff are not paid by commission, so their advice for any business is the same regardless of the amount of the purchase [...] are invested in the strength and success of each individual client over the long term. Get Expert Support Key Cannabis Pests to Watch for in Every Growth

• Leaf miners

  leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older larvae make wider tunnels. Feeding spots made by adult [...] species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic

• Cotton aphid

  cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black

• Fusarium wilt

  drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing [...] are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years to come. Life cycle and appearance of Fusarium [...] cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores