Greenhouse whitefly

Trialeurodes vaporariorum Greenhouse whitefly General The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the wo

Flies

Diptera Flies What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of t

Beetles

Coleoptera Beetles What are beetles? Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account of their hard wing covers (elytra). With more than 35

Leaf miners

Diptera Leaf miners What are leaf miners? Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves

Caterpillars

Lepidoptera Caterpillars What are caterpillars? Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths form the order Lepidoptera, a very large group with more than 150,000 specie

Mealybugs and scales

Hemiptera Mealybugs and scales What are mealybugs & scales? Mealybugs (family Pseudococcidae), soft scales (family Coccidae) and armoured scales (family Diaspididae) form three important families with

Spider mites and other mites

Trombidiformes Spider mites and other mites What are mites? Plant mites are a diverse group of small arthropods that feed on plant sap. They are found in a wide variety of habitats, from forests and g

Thrips

Thysanoptera Thrips What are thrips? Several species of thrips are a major problem in greenhouse horticulture. The Western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) is the most damaging species. Th

Aphids

Biological control of aphids Aphids are among the most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for ma

Cannabis

Cannabaceae Cannabis Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cannabis Integrated pest management (IPM) is important when it comes to keeping cannabis plants healthy and productive. This is because cannabi