biocontrol agents can include predators (e.g., ladybugs feeding on aphids ), parasitoids (e.g., parasitic wasps targeting caterpillars ), and pathogens (e.g.,
adaptability, and ability to establish long-term presence in crops. Unlike parasitoids, predatory mites can remain active throughout the season, even under
The egg is 0.08 mm long and 0.03 mm wide. About halfway through the parasitoid’s development, the host pupa turns black. Parasitized pupae are thus easily
Behaviour of the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a parasitoid wasp renowned for its role in controlling leafminer pests, particularly