Cotton leafworm

green with a brownish head. In the last larval stage, they are 35 to 45 mm long. Coloration varies from grey to reddish or yellowish, with a median dorsal [...] buds. Yellowish to dark-green larval excrement protrudes from the holes they have produced. On tobacco, the stem base is often destroyed. On maize, the cotton [...] can lay up to 3,000 eggs. Each egg is roughly spherical, about 0.6 mm long and whitish yellow. They are laid in clusters of 20 to 500 pieces on lower leaf

Southern European marshland pyralid

in groups of 5 to 10 eggs, overlapping in a tile-like fashion on both the upper and lower surface of leaves close to the veins, or low on the stem or stalk [...] pyralid or European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) is a polyphagous species feeding on a wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They include [...] caterpillars to inflict damage to the roots of crops cultivated in an ebb-and-flow irrigation system. The damage threshold varies considerably according to the

Potato aphid

the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with a preference for Solanaceae (particularly potato), but has also been identified on more than 200 plant [...] Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess [...] and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early

Diamond back moth

can disperse, on average, only 13 to 35 m within a crop field, however, they are readily carried by the wind and as such can disperse 400 to 500 km per night [...] xylostella) are covered with a white, loose, silken cocoon, usually formed on the lower or outer leaves. They often stick to leaves and frequently hide in [...] suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered to be the

Cabbage moth

cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) is a highly polyphagous defoliator. Besides being a major cabbage pest, it feeds on 70 plants of 22 families, among them [...] brassicae) has grey-brown to black forewings, with a kidney-shaped white-rimmed marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous [...] becoming steadily darker until they are a brown-black or sometimes even a purple colour. They are ridged and have a light network of markings. First instar

Black vine weevil

hatch have a white, translucent to pinkish body and a reddish brown head. These larvae live in the root zone in the soil where they feed on the roots. [...] between 2 and 20 cm. Pupae are white to cream coloured and 7 - 10 mm long. Outdoors there is a single generation each year. A population of black vine weevils [...] material. Because Otiorhynchus sulcatus is parthenogenetic a single female is enough to start a new population.

Common cockchafer

years for the larvae to fully develop. The grubs are 10 to 20 mm in the first autumn, 30 to 35 mm by the following autumn, and 40 to 46 mm in the spring [...] in the larval stage, when it feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees, mainly on oak, maple, beech and plum. Life cycle [...] stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult beetle. The adult beetle is 25 to 30 mm long, with a dark head, black pronotum covered with

Western flower thrips

occidentalis) can be found on a wide variety of plants, including many vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses, and on various weeds. It is an especially [...] crops. Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis on a leaf Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues [...] into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are nearly transparent white or yellowish to orange-yellow, with a large head and bright red eyes

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Tobacco aphid

never glossy. Winged individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse [...] Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess [...] The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid . It is not known to what extent tobacco aphids