Shore fly
transmit plant diseases and can be a nuisance to greenhouse works by their sheer numbers. Frass deposited on leaves or flowers in ornamental crops, lettuce and [...] following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupa and the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white [...] General Shore flies ( Scatella tenuicosta ) occur very commonly, often in the vicinity of water. They feed on algae. Other shore fly species have diverse