feed on plant sap and grow rapidly. When reproduction is sexual, the aphids lay eggs that overwinter. In greenhouses reproduction also takes place by par
since the cold reduces or halts their development. Damage symptoms The female lays small quantities of eggs, between one and three, in the hairs of green ears
2 days after mating and adults live for several months. Females psyllids lay more than 800 eggs during their life cycle.
into the soil at a depth up to 5 cm soon after mating. The eggs elongate at laying but in time become nearly spherical through water absorption. Chafer larvae
during the vulnerable seed emerging phase. In spring, adult bean seed flies lay eggs near host plants. Larvae hatch and tunnel into the soil, feeding on seeds
crops such as onion, radish, and cabbage. Bean seed fly damages crops by laying their eggs near plant bases. Hatching larvae tunnel into the soil and feed
males and sexually-reproducing females are produced. After mating, the female lays her eggs on leaves, flowers and stems to overwinter and produce the next
flies , at most only several millimetres long. When the adult females feed or lay eggs, they bore a hole using their toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper