• Southern European marshland pyralid

  cause severe damage, whereas roses appear to tolerate larger numbers. Life cycle and appearance of Southern European marshland pyralid Adults of the European

• Tomato looper

  plants. Infestations on ornamental plants reduce their marketability. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato looper The tomato looper or golden twin-spot moth

• Cabbage moth

  of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle and appearance of Cabbage moth The adult cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae)

• Cotton leafworm

  ( Spodoptera littoralis ) also attacks the young grains in the ear. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton leafworm Each adult female of the cotton leafworm

• Black vine weevil

  but reduces the value of ornamental plants. Life cycle and appearance of Black vine weevil The life cycle of the black vine weevil consists of an egg, 6

• Red palm weevil

  red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ) a very harmful insect. Life cycle and appearance of Red palm weevil The adults of the red palm weevil ( Rh

• Tobacco whitefly

  chlorotic patches, yellowing, fruit and leaf fall and misshapen fruit. Life cycle and appearance of Tobacco whitefly The tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci

• Greenhouse whitefly

  aesthetic value of crops. This is particularly important in ornamentals . Life cycle and appearance of Greenhouse whitefly The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes

• Western flower thrips

  plants, and often a single host plant may be infected by both viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Western flower thrips The western flower thrips (Frankliniella

• Two-spotted spider mite

  appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of two-spotted spider mite Two-spotted spider mites are small and have eight