Corn earworm

cephalic capsule in the first stage, but later adopting a variety of colours such as green, brown, pink, and yellow. Other features are its size in the final [...] which will start to feed again on the tip of the cob, making holes in the corn. In other crops, they prefer flower buds and soft fruit. They cause visible [...] final instar (approximately 35 mm) and its longitudinal stripes on the body. When the larva has fully developed, it stops feeding and descends onto the ground

Coleobug

as aphids . It also consumes pollen and nectar, allowing it to survive in the absence of prey and remain in the crop until pests reappear. It has a high [...] winged ones (alates). This mode of action makes it especially useful in biological control programs, as it acts quickly and can complement other agents like [...] of crops thanks to its adaptability and generalist diet. Mode of action Both larvae and adults actively explore the environment in search of prey, guided

Tobacco whitefly

insect was first identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries [...] throughout the world. It causes damage in (sub-)tropical areas especially. The tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) is feared because of its high level of resistance [...] retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The

Garden chafer

horticola ) is a beetle from the Scarabaeidae family. It does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults [...] The garden chafer ( Phyllopertha horticola ) does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on the roots. First instar larvae mainly feed on small [...] The neck shield is metallic green to shiny black. In Central Europe, they emerge from the soil in May or June. Low swarming flights just above the soil

Lettuce

to the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is a hardy annual that is easy to cultivate and most often grown for its leaves. It is, however, often plagued on by

Spinach

originates in Asia. It is consumed as vegetable and is rich in iron. It is grown as a vegetable worldwide and growths to a height of about 30 cm. It is eaten

Asian citrus psyllid

citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening disease or Huanglongbing. It is widely distributed in southern [...] responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In North America, it has spread through most of the southern states and Mexico [...] fly to a healthy plant and injects bacteria into it as they feed. The disease can kill a citrus tree in as little as five years, and there is no known cure

Spotted Wing Drosophila

Since the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America [...] America and Europe where it has caused severe yield losses in many berry crops, cherries and grapes. Damage symptoms After oviposition, the respiration tubes [...] unripe fruits. The larval development takes place in the fruit. The larvae pupate either fully or partly in the fruit, or outside the fruit on the ground.

Diamond back moth

in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered to be the most universally distributed [...] often stick to leaves and frequently hide in crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is [...] Plutellidae . It only attacks Brassicaceae species, including cruciferous weeds. The diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in

Green peach aphid

important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy host plant [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp