• Glasshouse potato aphid

  to deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause [...] presence in the crop. The wingless adult stage of the greenhouse potato aphid is rather squat, of medium size (1.8 - 3.0 mm long) and oval in shape. It [...] that has pale to dark transverse bands. The body shape is similar to wingless females, but is 2.0-3.0 mm long. The glasshouse potato aphid manifests both

• Black vine weevil

  sulcatus, is a pest in many ornamental crops (e.g. rhododendron, cyclamen and azalea), as well as in strawberries and other fruit crops in both temperate [...] approximately 12 mm. A larva is often curled into the typical C-shape which it assumes whenever it is disturbed. The body is covered with stiff white to [...] bites out of the leaves, starting from the edge. This damage is usually not a problem in vegetables and fruit crops but reduces the value of ornamental

• Long-tailed mealybug

  effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order [...] The length of the other filaments is roughly half the width of the body. The female is 3 - 4 mm long. Reproduction in Pseudococcus longispinus , may be [...] level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render

• Tobacco whitefly

  insect was first identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries [...] the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves [...] crops. This is particularly important in ornamentals . The larvae inject enzymes into the plant that alter their normal physiological processes. In some host

• Cotton leafworm

  littoralis) is a highly polyphagous species feeding on plants of 40 families, containing 87 species of economic importance. It originates in Egypt, and is currently [...] littoralis) can lay up to 3,000 eggs. Each egg is roughly spherical, about 0.6 mm long and whitish yellow. They are laid in clusters of 20 to 500 pieces [...] caterpillars crawl to the ground and settle in the surface layers. The pupa is 15 to 20 mm long and reddish brown in colour. The forewings of the adult cotton

• Diamond back moth

  xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] and frequently hide in crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pinkish-white to p [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface

• Cotton aphid

  cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is distributed throughout the world but prefers the warmer regions. It has been a pest in European greenhouses since the [...] As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young [...] young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large

• House fly

  originated in central Asia, the insect expanded its range worldwide long ago as a commensal organism to human populations; the housefly is always found in association [...] of House fly The adult house fly ( Musca domestica ) is 6–7 mm long, yellowish-grey to dark grey in colour, with four narrow black stripes on the thorax [...] for future egg fertilization. When protein-rich food is available, she will lay up to 500 eggs in several batches on decaying organic matter, such as food

• Greenhouse whitefly

  the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves [...] greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world. The greenhouse [...] and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking

• Asian citrus psyllid

  It is widely distributed in southern Asia and the disease is responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In North [...] The Asian citrus psyllid, ( Diaphorina citri ), is an important pest of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening [...] Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is a sucking insect that inserts its