Rhizoctonia solani

time of infection. In general, the fungus causes symptoms on all plant parts that are in or close to the soil. Early infection of the growing tips of the [...] dispersal of the fungus, only the mycelium is important in this context. Thanatephorus cucumeris is a soil-inhabiting fungus, that is very persistent in the [...] causes death of seedlings (‘damping-off’), both before and after emergence. A typical symptom of root infection is that the taproot is reduced to a thread.

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential [...] appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United [...] temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different

Grey mould

plants or plant parts in a closed plastic bag In tomato: prune with a knife and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead [...] Botrytis cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus [...] Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as

Powdery mildew

underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper side of the [...] production, so the net effect of the RH is very small. Wind and draught in greenhouses promote disease. In greenhouses, dispersal of spores over small distances [...] fairly similar in all plant-pathogen combinations. The symptoms are white fluffy colonies, first and foremost on the upper side of the leaf. In severe epidemics

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue [...] growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative [...] tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall Use clean propagation material Use a strict hygiene protocol

Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores [...] plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest

Citrus mealybug

search of a female. A fertilized female lays several hundreds of eggs in an elongated cottony egg sac composed of white waxy threads. Once the eggs are laid [...] citri ) has a world-wide distribution and many and diverse host plants. In temperate regions of the world this mealybug poses a problem in greenhouse [...] effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order

Cabbage moth

until they are a brown-black or sometimes even a purple colour. They are ridged and have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth [...] destroy large numbers of leaves and their frass accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle [...] moth (Mamestra brassicae) is a highly polyphagous defoliator. Besides being a major cabbage pest, it feeds on 70 plants of 22 families, among them crops

Environmental sustainability

mitigation At the core of our sustainability initiative lies a commitment to environmental stewardship. Recognizing the interconnectedness of ecosystems, we [...] presence of microplastics in our products. Additionally, we keep reducing our resource outflows, such as waste and ensuring responsible stewardship of natural [...] natural solutions, we mitigate the use of harmful chemicals and reduce pollution, thereby preserving the integrity of our ecosystems. Our efforts extend to

Cannabis aphid

Although it was first described in 1860, the cannabis aphid ( Phorodon cannabis ; a.k.a. bhang aphid or hemp aphid) is a very new pest to North America [...] will typically reach maturity within a couple of weeks, and adults live up to a month. Outdoors, as the days shorten in late summer/early autumn, winged males [...] the next generation of aphids in the spring. In greenhouses, sexual reproduction is very rare and only triggered if lighting signals a shortening day.