Leaf miners
mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such [...] females can also reduce yield, although with the exception of ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be totally [...] Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower crop quality and can open the way for secondary infections. Effective leaf miner control is essential