Fusarium wilt

oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts [...] dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium species only make asexual spores. Some also produce ascospores. The Fusarium oxysporum life

Mealybugs and scales

form three important families within the superfamily Coccoidea. This superfamily belongs to the order Hemiptera (the true bugs ). Coccoidea are at first [...] on this honeydew, which, as well as the white, waxy secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are [...] is mainly the great quantity of honey-dew that causes the damage because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew.

Rhizoctonia solani

Thanatephorus cucumeris The mycelium infects the plant through wounds or the stomata but also directly through the cuticle after the formation of an infection [...] all plant parts that are in or close to the soil. Early infection of the growing tips of the roots shortly after germination causes death of seedlings [...] symptom of root infection is that the taproot is reduced to a thread. Reddish-brown lesions occur on the root just below the soil surface. A white collar of

Bacterial canker of tomato

efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the infection. In [...] brown centre. In potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent [...] expansion of the wilt upwards. Cutting the stem at the foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] common with bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens [...] signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside the irrigation [...] crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but [...] from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes

NatuGro in strawberry

turn improves the soil balance, making substances available to the plants that increase their resilience, and ability to absorb nutrients. The plants are [...] barrier along the surface of roots, giving soil pathogens no room to establish. If the plant roots are attacked, T. harzianum inhibits growth of the pathogen [...] part of the world. Continuous research brings new insights: the level of disease suppression in the soil, for example, is extremely important to achieve

Eretmocerus eremicus

carefully inside the greenhouse Bend and tear off the strips opposite to the mounting hole Make sure not to touch the pupae during handling Suspend the cards in [...] after two to three days, and hatches when the whitefly reaches its fourth instar. The larva then penetrates the host, moulting to the second instar to feed [...] feed. During the third instar, the larva fills the host pupa, and the pre-pupal stage marks the transition to the pupal stage, where major morphological changes

Fusarium spp.

upwards. At the same time, the plant produces gum as a defence mechanism to stop the fungus from spreading. This gum blocks the xylem and causes the wilting [...] This species is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vascular system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] towards the foot of the plant and enters the vascular system. Inside the vessels, the fungus produces mycelium and many spores (microconidia), which are

Powdery mildew

infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there [...] harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses, it is advised to first ventilate by only opening the windows [...] on the underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper