Grape downy mildew
development pose the greatest risk to crop performance. Early symptom detection, a clear understanding of the disease cycle, and vigilant monitoring of high-risk [...] pressure. While all green tissues of the grapevine are susceptible, characteristic ‘oil spots’ on the upper surface of young, actively growing leaves, followed [...] suited for the preventive management of grape downy mildew. Life cycle of Grape downy mildew Plasmopara viticola is an obligate biotrophic pathogen of grapevines