Fusarium wilt

whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations [...] Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum has many different formae speciales which are each selectively pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

takes place via wounds. After infection, galls are formed which break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and [...] General Rhizobium bacteria are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. Additionally, pathogenic Agr [...] root growth. All four species cause the growth of galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls

Gummy stem blight

veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves through the petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The [...] newly produced ascospores are dispersed by air and the conidiospores by water drops, tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal

Bacterial canker of tomato

means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the [...] entire crop of the affected field and potatoes from other fields on the farm, are labelled as ‘suspect’ that year. On the infected field no potatoes or other [...] usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the wilt upwards.

Grey mould

mould’s ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) most common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers [...] content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable for germination [...] surface and still germinate when the RH increases, for example when cut flowers are harvested and put into cold storage. Wounds can also provide the fungus with

Flowering potted plants

About There are many species of flowering potted plants, the most common species are: Poinsettia is well known and popular for its large red, white and [...] consists of 1,795 different plant species. Some of these species are usually grown indoors and are used as ornamental houseplants in countries with colder climates [...] Crassulaceae . Hibiscus is well known for its large, ornate flowers which are trumpet-shaped. These flowers have five or more petals and their colour varies

Cyclamen mite

adult mite. They are oval in form, smooth, transparent and twice as long as they are wide. Both ends are equally rounded. The larvae are opaque white and [...] The males are smaller than the females and their hind legs are modified and used to transport pharate females. Eggs of the cyclamen mite are about half [...] parts. The mites are mostly found within the flower buds, growing tips and young folded leaves, where the humidity is highest and they are protected from

Cannabis aphid

cannabis aphids are between 1.8–2.7 mm long. They are normally wingless but a winged form appears in late summer. Early in the season, the aphids are nearly colourless [...] , and affected plants are damaged by the loss of this vital fluid. The following damage symptoms may be observed when plants are infested with Phorodon [...] these are two short knobs (antennal tubercles). Their cornicles (the pair of small, upright, backward-pointing tubes on the aphid's rear end) are white

Sciarid flies

. Lycoriella species are mainly found in commercial mushroom cultivation where they can cause enormous damage. Sciarid flies are usually found in damp [...] little, plant death is generally local. Young plants that are kept humid and well-watered are particularly at risk. Life cycle and appearance of Sciarid [...] hardly feed at all during their short life. The males are usually smaller than the females. They are not fast fliers, and prefer damp areas in dark places

Spotted Wing Drosophila

drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be easily [...] into the fruit. Eggs are white, 0.6 long and 0.2 mm wide. Each egg has two respiratory tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars [...] instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii are tan-brown and 3 mm long. Contrary to other Drosophila species