• Fusarium spp.

  whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels, which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations [...] pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the baking quality of wheat and brewing qualities of barley. Furthermore, mycotoxins are produced, of [...] Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants

• Enermix

  Pests Greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ); Tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ). Mode of action Adult female parasitic wasps parasitize second to fourth stage larvae of the whitefly . Hos

• Using Capirel for healthy fruit orchards

  Fruit growers in France are increasingly turning to sustainable nematode solutions to protect their orchards against pests – a living, natural solution [...] has been producing nematodes for horticultural purposes since 1986 and they are now being successfully applied to a broad spectrum of agricultural crops that [...] we stir! This makes them active. We wait another half an hour. Once they are fully diluted, we add the mix into the tank. The sprayer is filled halfway

• Ervipar

  parasitic wasp emerges through a hole at the rear of the mummy. The first mummies are noticed in the crop around 10-14 days after the first introduction. Visual

• Pepino mosaic virus

  rapid spread and impact on fruit quality, effective prevention and management are critical for maintaining yield and marketability. PepMV is a highly contagious [...] mechanical contact, making greenhouse environments particularly vulnerable. There are several strains of PepMV, with varying levels of aggressiveness, but all can [...] It multiplies and moves rapidly through the plant, often before symptoms are visible. Symptom development Symptoms can appear within 1–3 weeks, but infections

• Powdery mildew

  stomata. Conidia are the main means of dispersal. They are dispersed by wind, as are the ascospores. In general, powdery mildew fungi are not very resistant [...] Damage symptoms Powdery mildew symptoms are fairly similar in all plant-pathogen combinations. The symptoms are white fluffy colonies, first and foremost [...] entering through the stomata and there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic

• Limonica

  to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first pests are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 50-250 per m

• Rhizoctonia solani

  soil upward, therefore the lowest plant parts are infected first. Plants that are generally growing well are less susceptible. Optimum temperature for infection [...] different AG’s are more or less specific to the pathogenicity of different host groups. Not all isolates are pathogenic, many isolates are purely saprophytic [...] ‘anastomosis groups (AG’s)’ are distinguished. When two hyphae of Thanatephorus cucumeris meet, two different reactions are possible. Hyphae from the same

• Black leg of seedlings

  subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to [...] where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the [...] (>70%) water content of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How [...] From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia are formed, structures in which zoospores are produced. However, in downy mildews, sporangia often [...] They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth