Potato aphid

excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating [...] stripe running along the dorsal surface. In green individuals, this stripe is dark green, while in pink specimens it is dark red. This longitudinal stripe [...] throughout the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with a preference for Solanaceae (particularly potato), but has also been identified on more than 200

Bacterial canker of tomato

years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems, [...] infected propagation material. It spreads to other seedlings by touching the plants in greenhouse crops and by water in field crops, for example through [...] eradicate the infection. In tomato, growers must either destroy the infected crop entirely or, if the crop is old, only the plants in the infected area, with

Mealybugs and scales

because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign [...] mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured [...] fruit are concerned, these often drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must

Chrysoperla carnea

larva itself. On average a larva will consume 300-400 aphids of various sizes during its development, although the actual quantity depends on prey species [...] and usually laid individually or in small clusters on plant foliage or near prey habitats. They are pale green or white in color and are attached to the substrate [...] green lacewing, is a beneficial insect used in agriculture as a natural predator of various pest insects. It belongs to the family Chrysopidae within the

Tomato leaf miner

crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate [...] temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses for decades, but has become a common pest since the 1960’s [...] cosmetic damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants

Aphidoletes aphidimyza

is available in bottle ( Aphidend ). Open the bottle in the greenhouse Place the bottle directly on the soil or rockwool slabs or hang it in-between the [...] midge known for its effectiveness in biological pest control , specifically targeting aphids . This beneficial insect is widely employed in integrated pest [...] night, it is crucial to keep the night temperature above 12°C/61°F, to ensure optimal conditions for oviposition. Apply Aphidoletes aphidimyza in an environment

Spinach

originates in Asia. It is consumed as vegetable and is rich in iron. It is grown as a vegetable worldwide and growths to a height of about 30 cm. It is eaten

Optimal placement of bumblebee hives

humans, it is crucial to position the hives in visible locations, enabling easy identification and access for both parties. For optimal visibility, it is [...] the day. In case of insufficient shade, additional measures should be taken, especially in autumn when the Wireless Beehome System is closed. In times of [...] (Spring, summer) During these seasons, it is advisable to position the hives at a height of 20 – 60 cm above the ground on the south side of the path. This location

Aphidius matricariae

available in a bottle ( Aphipar-M ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved from its introduction [...] crucial role in controlling aphid infestations and reducing the need for chemical interventions in agriculture. Adult wasps do not engage in feeding on aphids [...] and is widely recognized for its role in biological pest control of aphids . This small wasp is a valuable natural enemy in both agricultural and horticultural

Fall Armyworm

indigenous throughout the Americas. Recently, it has been found in Africa too. The caterpillars of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts [...] host plant, depending on the crop, the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae. On maize, young larvae usually feed on leaves, creating a c [...] eggs in clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the