Fall Armyworm

symptoms The developing larvae eat different parts of the host plant, depending on the crop, the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae. On [...] mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the upper surface of the last segment. Pupae are reddish brown and measure 13 to 17 mm in length. [...] are usually laid on the underside of the leaves. The larvae ( caterpillars ) are 30-40 mm long. They have six instars that vary in colour from light tan

Tomato pinworm

under the calyx into the fruit. The name tomato pinworm in derived from the very small pinholes at the points of entry, which are often marked by the presence [...] develop and can be found on the underside of the leaves. When the presence of the pest is high, they can be found on any part of the plant. They emerge 4 to [...] presence of a small amount of frass or droppings. Life cycle and appearance of the tomato pinworm The eggs are whitish in colour to start with, then turn

Fusarium spp.

inside the vascular system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant [...] one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels, which can be seen when the stems are [...] ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop residues of infected

Flies

for flies in your crop Fly damage Flies can cause damage to crops both directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct [...] Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila [...] on soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer

Powdery mildew

infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata [...] on the underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper [...] epidermal layer of plant cells. Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new conidiophores are

Beetles

Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or [...] solutions for beetles in your crop Life cycle of beetles Beetle damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed [...] ladybirds contribute to the control of aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must

Operation Mealybug

sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production; In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs [...] deal with a mealybug infestation. Introducing the new heroes in the battle: the larvae and adults of the predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri . With [...] supplies them in the larval stage, under the product name Cryptobug-L. Damage symptoms of mealybugs Although most species of mealybugs feed on the aerial parts

Rhizoctonia solani

plant parts that are in or close to the soil. Early infection of the growing tips of the roots shortly after germination causes death of seedlings (‘damping-off’) [...] collar of fungal mycelium occurs at the base of the stem. This crown rot may result from root infection or from direct infection of the foot. The fungus [...] res. These spores don’t play a role in the epidemics or dispersal of the fungus, only the mycelium is important in this context. Thanatephorus cucumeris

Fusarium wilt

inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. [...] one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. How to prevent

Grey mould

cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes lesions [...] pruning wounds. These lesions may encircle the stem, so the part of the plant above the lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey mould ( [...] that it excretes compounds that kill the plant cells and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed