The Real Challenge Is Establishment: Why Some Natural Enemies Have an Advantage From the Start
September 8, 2026
For many years, the effectiveness of natural enemies was primarily measured by their voracity or their ability to consume pests. The greater the level of predation, the more effective the biological control agent was considered to be. However, experience with invasive pests such as Thrips parvispinus has highlighted another factor that is equally important and, in many cases, even more decisive: establishment . After all, a predator cannot control