Rhizoctonia solani

Sterilize the soil or substrate (chemical or heat) Use clean propagation material and disinfected seed Disinfect recirculated water and tools in greenhouse [...] to be a sterile fungus, but recently it was discovered that the fungus produces basidiospores. These spores don’t play a role in the epidemics or dispersal [...] us cucumeris is a soil-inhabiting fungus, that is very persistent in the soil. It overwinters as mycelium or sclerotia in the soil and on crop residues

Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Damage symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf [...] structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for

Powdery mildew

meaning they feed on living plant cells and barely survive in the absence of a living crop. They survive as ascospores or perithecia, structures containing [...] mildew fungi and especially in greenhouse crops they don’t play a role in the epidemics. Fungal spores germinate on the leaf surface and the germ tubes [...] resistant cultivars whenever available Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves

Grey mould

infected after abortion and then provide a large amount of inoculum Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the [...] cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant [...] are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable for germination, the spores can survive a few days on the plant surface and still germinate

Gummy stem blight

mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves and inside the fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy stem blight Mycosphaerella [...] debris and disinfect the greenhouse Choose a cultivar that is less susceptible to internal fruit rot Use clean propagation material During cropping and between [...] on on all plant parts at all times Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves

Bacterial canker of tomato

clothing and gloves, disinfect tools and greenhouse structures Use a crop rotation in field crops of at least two years and alternate with a non-host crop [...] on stems, leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower leaves, blister-like white lesions occur, which later turn brown and may merge. The leaves [...] the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses. Use hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing [...] mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium and Phytophthora. They survive as oospores. From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia are [...] Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no bacteria have been isolated from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in [...] from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots [...] known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium vitis, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium rubi, n ow the first part

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range [...] Verticillium or Fusarium wilts. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered [...] considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the

Streptorid FP FPL

Mixers/loaders and applicators must wear a minimum of a NIOSH-approved particulate filtering face piece respirator with any R, or P filter; OR a NIOSH-approved [...] eye. • Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. HOTLINE NUMBER: Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control [...] contact with eyes or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet