high-density housing systems and abundant manure production create the ideal conditions for maggot development. In extreme cases, large fly…
High-density housing systems and abundant manure production create the ideal conditions for maggot development. In extreme cases, large fly…
tics and feeding habits. Plant mites generally thrive in warm and dry conditions, which is why they are often problematic in greenhouses and during…
plant species. High populations of larvae can destroy plants under field conditions. Established crops are more resistant to damage than young plants…
affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and…
larval instars within 10–30 (or more) days, depending on the environmental conditions. Larvae can even overwinter in livestock housing. At the end of…
wingless forms of adults of the same species developing, depending on the conditions. Wingless adult aphids are known as apterous, and winged adults…
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