ferrugineus ) presence and only later stages of attack are conspicuous. However, the damage done before these later stages when detection becomes…
Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior end of the pupa remains mobile.…
third moult, the caterpillar is green with a dark back and thick, yellow, lateral longitudinal stripe. The full-grown caterpillar varies in colour…
most common type of injury. Initially, the mine is long and narrow, but it later widens to become blotch-shaped. Older larvae usually fold the leaf…
hairs. In older caterpillars , each segment has a clear black dot above the lateral yellow lines. There are three pairs of prolegs, instead of the…
leaves are slightly curled and acquire a silvery sheen on the underside. Later they become brown and brittle. Badly affected tomato leaves and stems…
developing a greyish colour and a black cephalic capsule in the first stage, but later adopting a variety of colours such as green, brown, pink, and…
emerge after a few days are typically flattened, with a fringe of spiny lateral protuberances. These maggots feed by scavenging bacteria and other…
become steadily darker. Just before hatching, which occurs about a week later, the young larva is visible within the egg. The full-grown caterpillars…
two days after pupation (at temperatures above 30°C) or over three weeks later at low temperatures (around 15°C). Adult flies have an average life…
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